# ECTMIH2023, Utrecht, Netherlands #Oral presentation

 OCCURRENCE OF β-LACTAM RESISTANT BACTERIAL GENES FROM CLINICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND POULTRY ISOLATES

92

Upendra Thapa Shrestha¹, Dev Joshi¹, Manash Shrestha², Nabaraj Shrestha³, Komal Rijal¹, Prakash Ghimire¹

¹Tribhuvan University, Institute of Science and Technology

²APMEN
³Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL)

 

Introduction

The widespread and irrational use of antibiotics in empirical therapy and veterinary practices are of great concern in the developing world. Besides, the improper management of antimicrobial waste adds to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens. Although there is regular reporting of the increased resistance among clinical isolates, the occurrence of the resistance genes among bacteria from the environment and animal origins is not well documented in our contest. 

Methods

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from different samples and were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing following the CLSI guidelines. The pathogens were then screened for resistance genes including blaTEM, mcr-1, mecA, and blaNDM-1 genes. 

Results

Of 169 S. aureus isolates of clinical origin, 44.9% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 55 of them possessed the mecA gene. On the other hand, 46.7% of MRSA from water samples possess the mecA gene. The occurrence of the mcr-1 gene among E. coli was found to be 91.6% and 44% from clinical and poultry origins respectively. Most of E. coli were ESBL producers carrying 41.2% and 57.5% of the blaTEM gene from the clinical and water samples respectively. Similarly, P. aeruginosa from clinical origin were resistant to most of the antibiotics and 77.8% of MBL producers possess the blaNDM-1 gene. 

Conclusion

The resistant genes were ubiquitous in all sources. Hence, it is urgent to address one health concept and alert the policymakers to formulate strict antibiotic prescription policies in clinical settings and control the overuse of antibiotics in animal farming. 

SDG 3 targets:

3.D: Global health risks

Other SDGs:

SDG 3: Good health and well-being

 

Date and Place of Presentation: November 23, 2023, Thursday, Utrecht, Netherlands (1:30 PM Session at Social Impact Factory Building, Seoul).

Photograph 1: Presenting at ECTMIH2023

Photograph 2: ECTMIH Academy course

Use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study among stakeholders in Nepal

 

BMC Pediatrics

Burden of Human Metapneumovirus infections among children with acute respiratory tract infections attending a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu

Jyoti Lamichhane^{1 #}, Milan Upreti^{1 #}, Krishus Nepal¹, Bishnu Prasad Upadhyay², Urusha Maharjan², Ram Krishna Shrestha², Ram Hari Chapagain³, Megha Raj Banjara⁴, Upendra Thapa Shrestha^4*

 

¹GoldenGate International College, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal

²Central Diagnostic Laboratory & Research Center, Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

³Kanti Children’s Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal

⁴Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal

 

^# The authors have equal contributions to the study.

 

* Corresponding Author: Upendra Thapa Shrestha, Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Email: upendrats@gmail.com

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide.  Every year millions of children suffer from viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) ranging from mild to severe illnesses. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is among the most frequent viruses responsible for RTIs. However, HMPV infections and their severity among children have not been explored yet in Nepal. Purpose Therefore, the study was focused on HMPV infections and with other potential viral etiologies or co-infections using multiplex PCR among children attending Kanti Children’s Hospital and assess the clinical characteristics of the infections as well as find out the co-infections. A hospital based cross-sectional study was designed and a convenience sampling method was used to enroll children of less than 15 years with flu like sumptoms from both outpatients and inpatients departments over three month of the study period.

Results HMPV infection (13.3%) was the most predominant infection among the different viral infections in children with ARIs in Kanti Children’s Hospital. The HMPV was more prevalent in the age group less than three years (21.8%). Cough and fever were the most common clinical features present in all children infected with HMPV followed by rhinorrhea, sore throat, and wheezing.  HMPV-positive children were diagnosed with pneumonia (42.9%), bronchiolitis (28.5%), upper respiratory tract infections (14.3%), and asthma (14.3%). The prevalence of HMPV was high in late winter (14.3%) followed by early spring (13.5%).

Conclusions This study provides the baseline information on HMPV and associated co-infection with other respiratory viruses for the differential diagnosis based on molecular methods and also the comparison of clinical presentations among the different respiratory syndromes.

Keywords Respiratory tract infections, Human Metapneumovirus, Multiplex real-time RT-PCR, Pneumonia, Bronchiolitis

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