(Abstract published in the Fifth National Conference on Science and Technology, Nov.10-12, 2008, Kathmandu pp. 353-354)
Antimicrobial Efficacies of Nepalese Toothpastes against Dental Pathogens and Prevalence of Dental caries
A. Acharya1, B. Subedi1, B.Paudyal1, M. Jnawali1, P. Shakya1, U. KC 1,
U. T. Shrestha2, K.B. Tiwari1, 2, A. Singh1 and V. P. Agrawal2
1Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
2Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Maitidevi, Kathmandu
E-mail: md.jnawali@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Dental caries is a multifactorial oral disease developed by the localized dissolution of the tooth hard tissues, caused by acids produced by bacteria in the biofilms (dental plaque) which eventually leads to cavities. Frequently encountered bacteria in caries are Streptococci (S. mutans, S. salivarious, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus and S. mitis) and others including some species of Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Candida albicans and some anaerobes together with Bacteroids, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella etc. Maintainace of oral health is highly interrelated with use of toothpaste. Toothpaste need to contain various antimicrobial agents in order to reduce, control and prevent different kind of dental caries. Different brands have their own composition and concentration of ingredients for their efficacy. The consumers should aware about the facts associated with their health. Present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial status of locally used toothpastes against common dental pathogens and to know dental caries condition of school children of Kathmandu valley. The dental pathogens were isolated and identified from various dental samples. Antibacterial activities of 25 different toothpastes available locally in markets were assessed against the isolates by standard agar well diffusion method. Altogether 638 students (325 of age group 12-13 years and 313 of age group 5-6 years) from 30 different schools of Kathmandu valley were included in the study and their dental status was examined and recorded by using WHO caries recording form with DMFT and DMFS as standard tools. Both monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections were observed in all cases. The dental pathogens isolates and identified were Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarious, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus, S. mitis, Lactobacillus species and Candida albicans. Out of 25 assayed toothpastes only 7 were found to be highly effective against all the tested pathogens. DMFS and caries percentage of age group 5-6 years and 12-13 years were found to be 3.79, 69% and 1.60, 53% respectively. But no significance difference at p less than 0.001 was observed among male and female of both age group. Strong correlation was found in dental caries status and type of schools, diet and toothpaste using habit. The result showed that the toothpastes containing Triclosan followed by fluoride as a major chemical ingredient possess significant antibacterial activities. In both age group caries percentage was found to be above the recommended level of WHO where as DMFS and DMST varies within the level.
A. Acharya1, B. Subedi1, B.Paudyal1, M. Jnawali1, P. Shakya1, U. KC 1,
U. T. Shrestha2, K.B. Tiwari1, 2, A. Singh1 and V. P. Agrawal2
1Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu
2Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Maitidevi, Kathmandu
E-mail: md.jnawali@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Dental caries is a multifactorial oral disease developed by the localized dissolution of the tooth hard tissues, caused by acids produced by bacteria in the biofilms (dental plaque) which eventually leads to cavities. Frequently encountered bacteria in caries are Streptococci (S. mutans, S. salivarious, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus and S. mitis) and others including some species of Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Candida albicans and some anaerobes together with Bacteroids, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella etc. Maintainace of oral health is highly interrelated with use of toothpaste. Toothpaste need to contain various antimicrobial agents in order to reduce, control and prevent different kind of dental caries. Different brands have their own composition and concentration of ingredients for their efficacy. The consumers should aware about the facts associated with their health. Present study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial status of locally used toothpastes against common dental pathogens and to know dental caries condition of school children of Kathmandu valley. The dental pathogens were isolated and identified from various dental samples. Antibacterial activities of 25 different toothpastes available locally in markets were assessed against the isolates by standard agar well diffusion method. Altogether 638 students (325 of age group 12-13 years and 313 of age group 5-6 years) from 30 different schools of Kathmandu valley were included in the study and their dental status was examined and recorded by using WHO caries recording form with DMFT and DMFS as standard tools. Both monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections were observed in all cases. The dental pathogens isolates and identified were Streptococcus mutans, S. salivarious, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus, S. mitis, Lactobacillus species and Candida albicans. Out of 25 assayed toothpastes only 7 were found to be highly effective against all the tested pathogens. DMFS and caries percentage of age group 5-6 years and 12-13 years were found to be 3.79, 69% and 1.60, 53% respectively. But no significance difference at p less than 0.001 was observed among male and female of both age group. Strong correlation was found in dental caries status and type of schools, diet and toothpaste using habit. The result showed that the toothpastes containing Triclosan followed by fluoride as a major chemical ingredient possess significant antibacterial activities. In both age group caries percentage was found to be above the recommended level of WHO where as DMFS and DMST varies within the level.
3 comments:
Hami link xchange garaun......
My life is beautiful thanks to you, Mein Helfer. Lord Jesus in my life as a candle light in the darkness. You showed me the meaning of faith with your words. I know that even when I cried all day thinking about how to recover, you were not sleeping, you were dear to me. I contacted the herbal center Dr Itua, who lived in West Africa. A friend of mine here in Hamburg is also from Africa. She told me about African herbs but I was nervous. I am very afraid when it comes to Africa because I heard many terrible things about them because of my Christianity. god for direction, take a bold step and get in touch with him in the email and then move to WhatsApp, he asked me if I can come for treatment or I want a delivery, I told him I wanted to know him I buy ticket in 2 ways to Africa To meet Dr. Itua, I went there and I was speechless from the people I saw there. Patent, sick people. Itua is a god sent to the world, I told my pastor about what I am doing, Pastor Bill Scheer. We have a real battle beautifully with Spirit and Flesh. Adoration that same night. He prayed for me and asked me to lead. I spent 2 weeks and 2 days in Africa at Dr Itua Herbal Home. After the treatment, he asked me to meet his nurse for the HIV test when I did it. It was negative, I asked my friend to take me to another nearby hospital when I arrived, it was negative. I was overwhite with the result, but happy inside of me. We went with Dr. Itua, I thank him but I explain that I do not have enough to show him my appreciation, that he understands my situation, but I promise that he will testify about his good work. Thank God for my dear friend, Emma, I know I could be reading this now, I want to thank you. And many thanks to Dr. Itua Herbal Center. He gave me his calendar that I put on my wall in my house. Dr. Itua can also cure the following diseases, HIV, Herpes, Hepatitis B, Inflammatory Liver, Diabetis,Bladder cancer,Brain cancer,Esophageal cancer,Gallbladder cancer,Gestational trophoblastic disease,Head and neck cancer,Hodgkin lymphoma
Intestinal cancer,Kidney cancer,Leukemia,Liver cancer,Lung cancer,Melanoma,Mesothelioma,Multiple myeloma,Neuroendocrine tumors
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma,Oral cancer,Ovarian cancer,Sinus cancer,Skin cancer,Soft tissue sarcoma,Spinal cancer,Stomach cancer
Testicular cancer,Throat cancer,Thyroid Cancer,Uterine cancer,Vaginal cancer,Vulvar cancerBipolar Disorder, Bladder Cancer,Colorectal Cancer,HPV,Breast Cancer,Anal cancer.Appendix cancer.,Kidney Cancer,Prostate Cancer,Glaucoma., Cataracts,Macular degeneration,Adrenal cancer.Bile duct cancer,Bone cancer.Cardiovascular disease,Lung disease.Enlarged prostate,OsteoporosisAlzheimer's disease,Brain cancer.Dementia.Weak Erection,Love Spell,Leukemia,Fribroid,Infertility,Parkinson's disease,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Fibromyalgia, recover your ex. You can contact him by email or drituaherbalcenter@gmail.com, ..WhatsApp phone number+ 2348149277967 .. He is a good doctor, talk to him kindly. I'm sure he will also listen to you.
HAIL LIGHT!
Do you want to Be WEALTHY AND POWERFUL IN LIFE? Do you want to get Rich in a little time?Do you want the world to recognize you and listen to you when you speak? do you want to be in power and control? if yes, Be a part of the world most Capable brotherhood of Wealth and Power - The Illuminati Freemason-
If You Have Sickness or Affliction Of Any Kind Or Any Level, no matter how severe it is, Contact Us today for your liberation to health And Wholeness
ELEVATE YOURSELF FROM POVERTY AND FREE YOURSELF FROM THE BONDAGE OF SICKNESS WITH SPIRITUAL ATTACKS
Do not hesitate to contact us If We'll Be Of Help To YOU in any ways or at any situation you find yourself.
Here's our contact info
EMAIL/hangout: illuminatiinitiationtemplewa@gmail.com.
DIRECT SMS/Calls To Masonic Registry +1(760)8922577
WHATSAPP +2347052719658.
WARNING: only those who are interested to become a member of the church of Satan are allow to visit office or send a mail to the email address below. Do not contact if you are not interested and once you contact there is no going back. so think before contacting. BEWARE!!!
BE SURE THAT YOUR HEART DESIRES WILL COME THROUGH BECAUSE THAT IS WHAT WE ARE HERE FOR, making your dreams and wish come to REALITY.
HAIL LIGHT!
Post a Comment