Tribhuvan University
Institute of Science and
Technology
Microsyllabusfor Fourth Year
B. Sc. Microbiology
July 2015
The four years
bachelor in Science consists of 2000 total full marks of each year full marks
500. In the first, second and third year, one/one microbiology subject of 100
full marks and their respective practical of 50 full marks have been included.
The fourth year course in microbiology includes two theory subjects each of 100
full marks and their respective practical subjects each of 50 full marks.
|
Course number
|
Course
title
|
Nature
of course
|
Full
marks
|
|
First year
|
|
|
|
|
MB 101
|
General Microbiology
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
MB 102
|
General Microbiology Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Chemistry Theory
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
|
Chemistry Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Zoology/Botany
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
|
Zoology/Botany Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Scientific Communication
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
|
|
Total
|
500
|
|
Second year
|
|
|
|
|
MB 201
|
Biochemistry and Microbial Biotechnology
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
MB 202
|
Biochemistry and Microbial Biotechnology Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Chemistry
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
|
Chemistry Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Zoology/Botany
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
|
Zoology/Botany Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Applied Statistics
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
|
|
Total
|
500
|
|
Third year
|
|
|
|
|
MB 301
|
Agricultural and Food Microbiology
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
MB 302
|
Agricultural and Food Microbiology Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
MB 303
|
Elective I (Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Quality Management)
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
MB 304
|
Elective II (Bioinformatics)
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
|
Chemistry/Zoology/Botany
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
|
Chemistry/Zoology/Botany Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
|
Elective I (Chemistry/Zoology/Botany)
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
|
Elective II (Chemistry/Zoology/Botany)
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
|
Research Methodology
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
Total
|
500
|
|
Fourth year
|
|
|
|
|
MB 401
|
Environment and Public Health Microbiology
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
MB 402
|
Environment and Public Health Microbiology Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
MB 403
|
Medical Microbiology
|
Theory
|
100
|
|
MB 404
|
Medical Microbiology Practical
|
Practical
|
50
|
|
MB 405
|
Computational Course
|
Theory/Lab
|
50
|
|
MB 406
|
Project Writing and Presentation
or Methods in Microbiology (Applied Microbiology)
|
Project work/Theory
|
100
|
|
MB 407
|
Instrumentation in Microbiology (Interdisciplinary Subject)
|
Theory
|
50
|
|
|
|
Total
|
500
|
|
|
|
Grand Total
|
2000
|
Environment and Public
Health Microbiology
Description of the Course
Course Title:Environment and
Public Health Microbiology Full Marks: 100
Course No: MB 401 (Major) Pass Marks: 35
Nature of the Course: Theory Year: IV
Course Objectives
The main objective of the course is to provide
knowledge on microbial ecology, basic epidemiological concepts and public
health of infectious diseases. After completion of the course, the students
will be able to:
a) understand microbial ecology and
their role in environment
b) understand basics of epidemiology
and health and disease measurements
c) understand public health of
infectious diseases
Course
Contents
Microbial ecology 8
hrs
Microbial association in soil,
water and air, components of microbial ecology, ecosystem and energy, tools and
techniques of experimental microbial ecology
Microbiology of extreme environments 10hrs
Growth and survival of
microorganisms in extreme temperature, pH, humidity, salinity, and applications
of extremophiles
Bioactive compounds of microorganisms 8
hrs
Biopesticides, bacterial, viral
and fungal pesticides, mechanism of action and applications of biopesticides
Bioremediation 8
hrs
Principles of bioremediation, in situ and ex situ bioremediation of soil, water and air pollution, steps and
approaches in bioremediation, removal of xenobiotics, bioleaching, petroleum
degradation
Health and
disease and epidemiological measurements 10hrs
Definitions of epidemiology, applications of epidemiology, definitions of
health and disease, indicators of health and disease, disease frequency
measures (mortality, morbidity, incidence, prevalence, incidence density),
measures of effect
Methods of transmission of diseases 8hrs
Epidemic,
endemic, pandemic, sporadic, outbreak, investigation of disease outbreaks, mode
of transmission of diseases, chain of infection, cases, carriers, hosts
Management of diseases 8hrs
Disease
prevention, control, elimination and eradication
Drinking water microbiology 15
hrs
Types of water, safe drinking
water, physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of water quality,
biological indicators of water pollution, national and WHO guidelines for
drinking water quality standards, principle and procedures of drinking water
treatment for large water supply system, methods for monitoring water quality
Waste management 15
hrs
Introduction, solid waste and its
types, solid waste management, sewage and industrial effluents, composition and
microbiology of sewage, methods for the treatment of waste water
Microbial air pollution 10hrs
Introduction, methods of
enumeration and identification of microorganisms in air (indoor and out door), indicator
microorganisms of air pollution, air-borne diseases, air-pollution control
Water borne infections 10hrs
Overview on
common water-borne diseases, microbiology of causative agents, epidemiology,
laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of hepatitis A, cholera, typhoid,
poliomyelitis
Air borne infections 10hrs
Overview on
common air-borne diseases, microbiology of causative agents, epidemiology,
laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of pneumonia, tuberculosis,
influenza, measles
Food borne diseases 10hrs
Concept on food
borne infections and food intoxication, microbiology of causative
microorganisms, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, prevention and control of
Staphylococcal, Clostridial food poisoning and intoxication, Salmonellosis
Vector borne diseases 10hrs
Overview on
common vector-borne diseases and their vectors, microbiology of causative
organisms, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis and prevention and control of
visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 10hrs
Overview on
common STIs, microbiology of causative agents, epidemiology, laboratory
diagnosis and prevention and controls of syphilis, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B
Recommended
Readings
Text books
1.
Park K (2008). Park's Textbook of Social
and Preventive Medicine. 18th Edition.
2. Gordis
L (2004). Epidemiology, 3rd
Edition, Elsevier Saunders.
3. Atlas
RM and Bartha R (1998). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications. The
Benjamin Cummins Publication Co. Inc.
4. Maier
RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP (2006). Environmental Microbiology. Academic Press,
Elsevier Publication.
Reference books
1.
StolpH (1988). Microbial Ecology: Organisms,
Habitats, Activities. Cambridge
Environment and Public
Health Microbiology Practical
Description of the Course
Course Title: Environment and
Public Health Microbiology Practical Full Marks: 50
Course No: 402(Major) Pass Marks: 20
Nature of the Course:
Practical Year: IV
Course Objectives
After completion of the course, the students will
be able to:
a)
conduct analysis of environmental samples.
b)
perform field level tests for the diagnosis of
diseases.
Course Contents
To perform
bacteriological examination of drinking water: Most Probable Number (MPN),
membrane filter (MF) methods, physico-chemical parameters of water tests, DO,
BOD, COD, residual chlorine, ammonia, nitrate/nitrite, sulphate, chloride, iron
To
demonstrate water treatment station: Field visit to water treatment station
and report submission
To assess
air pollution: Air microbes in
indoor and outdoor environments
To perform
rapid diagnosis of viral diseases using test kits: HIV, hepatitis B,
hepatitis C, rotavirus
To
understand the disease reporting system of Nepal: Visit to District
Public/Health Office and report submission
Medical Microbiology
Description of the Course
Course Title:Medical
Microbiology Full Marks: 100
Course No: MB 403 (Major) Pass Marks: 35
Nature of the Course: Theory Year: IV
Course Objectives
After completion of the course, the students will
be able to:
a) understand
the microbial world in the human body
b) understand
the immunity process in human body
c) describe
biology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods of bacteria, virus, fungi and
parasites
Course Contents
Historical
background of medical microbiology 5
hrs
Historical aspects of medical microbiology, major
contributors in medical microbiology
Normal flora
of the human body 10
hrs
Normal flora of human body (skin, gastrointestinal
tract, respiratory tract, genito-urinary tract), opportunistic pathogens
Immunity
process 30
hrs
Types of immunity, immunoglobulins and their types,
antigen antibody reactions, auto immune diseases, hypersensitivity
Safety
measures in clinical laboratory 8
hrs
Principles of laboratories safety, decontamination
and safe disposal of contaminated materials, bio-safety level laboratories,
risk and hazard group of microorganisms
Methods of
specimen collection, transportation, processing and culture of clinical samples
for detection of bacteria 10 hrs
Cerebrospinal fluid, blood, sputum, urine, stool,
other body fluids, pus and wound exudates, culture procedures, possible
pathogens in different clinical specimens
Common
pathogenic bacteria 20hrs
Biology, infections and diagnostic methods of: Mycobacterium,
Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella,
Shigella, Vibrio, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, Treponema
Method of
collection, transportation and processing of clinical samples for detection of
virus 10 hrs
Introduction, types of samples, maintenance of
temperature and transportation, identification and interpretation, culture of
virus in chick embryo and cell lines, cytopathic effects, detection of virus
from culture, serological tests for the diagnosis of viruses
Common
pathogenic viruses 20
hrs
Biology, infections and diagnostic methods of:
Small pox virus, Herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, mumps virus, measles virus,
influenza virus, HIV, rotavirus, polio virus, rabies virus
Sample
collection and laboratory diagnosis of mycotic infections 6
hrs
Samples for fungal infections, nasal swab, skin
scraping, other samples
Medically
important fungi 10
hrs
Introduction, classification, and characteristics
of medically important fungi and yeasts
Biology, infections and diagnostic methods of: Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Histoplasma,
Candida, Cryptococcus
Method of
collections of samples and processing for detection of parasites 6 hrs
Introduction, types of samples for parasite
detection, sample processing and detection methods for blood, intestinal and
tissue parasites
Common
pathogenic parasites 15hrs
Biology, infections and diagnostic methods of: Entamoeba,
Giardia, Plasmodium spp., Leishmania
spp., Taenia, Ascarislumbricoides, Ancylostomaduodanale
Recommended
Readings
Text books
1. Cheesbrough
M (2007). Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries Vol. 2 ELBS London.
2. Tille
P (2014). Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology (13th
edition). Elsevier.
3. Collee
JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP and Simmons A (1996). Mackie &McCartney Practical
Medical Microbiology (14th edition). Churchill Livingstone.
Reference
books
1. Greenwood
D, Slack RCB and Peutherer J (2001). Medical Microbiology ELBS, Dunclude
Livingstone.
Michael JP, Chan ECS and Kreig NR (1993). Microbiology. 5th
edition McGraw Hill, Delhi.
Medical MicrobiologyPractical
Description of the Course
Course Title: Medical
MicrobiologyPractical Full Marks: 50
Course No: 404(Major) Pass Marks: 20
Nature of the Course:
Practical Year: IV
Course Objectives
After completion of the course, the students will
be able to:
a)
collect, transport, and process the clinical
samples for the diagnosis of microbial diseases.
Course Contents
To
demonstrate safety precautions in microbiology laboratories: Demonstrate
various safety measures and precautions to be taken in the laboratories
To collect
and transport various clinical specimens: Blood, urine, stool, sputum,
swabs
To perform
different staining techniques: Gram's staining, capsule staining, spore
staining, ZiehlNeelson, Albert stain, Giemsa stain
To prepare
different culture media and monitoring their quality: Nutrient agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar,
chocolate agar, SS agar, XLD agar, MSA, anaerobic culture medium
To prepare
biochemical media and reagents for identification of bacteria: MR test, VP
test, citrate test, urease test, SIM test, indole test, O/F test, TSI/KIA.
To
differentiate different types of bacteria from biochemical tests:
Carbohydrate utilization test, Nitrate reduction test, interpretation of the
result
To perform
enzymatic test of the bacteria:
Perform important enzymatic tests, coagulase test, catalase test,
oxidase test, DNase test, Gelatin, Casein and lipid hydrolysis.
To
demonstrate serological tests: Rapid diagnostic test kits, ELISA,
hemagglutination test
To learn
various sample collection techniques for diagnosis of mycotic infections: Skin scrapping, nails clipping, sputum
collection, hair plucking
To prepare
fungal culture media: Preparation of media; Sabouraud dextrose agar, potato
dextrose agar, malt extract agar
To detect
the fungi by direct microscopic methods: Detection of fungal elements: KOH
preparation, iodine preparation, India ink preparation, lacto-phenol cotton
blue staining
To examine the samples
for intestinal and tissue parasites: Ascaris,
Entamoebahistolytica, Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium spp., Leishmania
spp.
Methods in Microbiology
(Applied Microbiology)
Description of the Course
Course Title:Methods in
Microbiology (Applied Microbiology) Full Marks: 100
Course No: MB 405 (Applied
Microbiology) Pass Marks: 35
Nature of the Course: Theory Year: IV
Course Objectives
After completion of the course,
the students will be able to:
a)
understand the principles, procedures and
applications of methods used in the fields of microbiology
Course Contents
Safety
measures in microbiology laboratory 10
hrs
Principles of laboratories safety, biosafety level
of laboratories and bio-hazards, risk group of microorganisms, decontamination
and safe disposal of contaminated materials, sterilization and sterility
techniques
Methods of
specimen collection, transportation and processing of clinical samples for
bacteria detection 20
hrs
Cerebrospinal fluid, bloodand other body fluids, sputum,
urine, discharges and pus, stool, culture procedures, test algorithms for
diagnosis of bacteria, antibiotic susceptibility tests (Kirby Bauer disc
diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration determination)
Method of
collection, transportation and processing of clinical samples for virus
detection 20 hrs
Introduction, types of samples, maintenance of temperature and
transportation, identification and interpretation, culture of virus in chick
embryo and cell lines, cytopathic effects, detection of virus from culture,
serological tests for the diagnosis of viruses
Sample
collection and laboratory diagnosis of mycotic infections 10
hrs
Samples for fungal infections, sputum, nasal swab,
skin scraping, hair and nails, CSF for fungal meningitis, microscopy, staining,
culture
Method of
collections of samples and processing for detection of parasites 15 hrs
Introduction, types of samples for parasite
detection, sample processing and detection methods for blood, stool and tissue
parasites
Immunological
and serological tests 15hrs
Principles, procedures, advantages and applications
of precipitation, agglutination, complement fixation, ELISA, radio-immunoassay
Method of
collections of water samples and microbiological analysis 10
hrs
Introduction, types of water samples, water sample
processing and detection methods, MPN, MF, BOD
Field level
tests for disease diagnosis 10
hrs
Principles, procedures and applications of rapid
tests for malaria, kala-azar, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, HIV, HBV, HCV,
rotavirus, JE, leptospirosis, typhoid
Molecular
tests in microbiology laboratories 15hrs
Samples for molecular diagnostic tests, DNA/RNA
extraction, PCR, Real Time PCR, PCR-RFLP, sequencing, western blotting
Microbiological quality tests of
foods 15hrs
Quality test of milk and milk products, egg and egg products, meat and
meat products, cereal and cereal products, HACCP, detection methods of
carcinogens and toxins in food
Microbiology laboratory in
agriculture 10
hrs
Methods for
preparation of bio-fertilizers, detection methods of pesticide, herbicide,
insecticide, fungicide in soil, isolation and detection of pectinolytic, lignolytic, lipolytic,
cellulolytic microorganisms
from soil
Recommended
Readings
Text books
1.
Cheesbrough M (2007). Medical Laboratory Manual
for Tropical Countries Vol. 2 ELBS London.
2. Brown
AE (2012). Benson’s Microbiological Applications. Laboratory Manual in General
Microbiology. (12th edition). McGraw-Hill Publisher.
3. Collee
JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP and Simmons A (1996). Mackie &McCartney Practical
Medical Microbiology (14th edition). Churchill Livingstone.
Project Writing and
Presentation
Description of the Course
Course Title:Project writing
and Presentation Full Marks: 100
Course No: MB 406 (Major) Pass Marks: 40
Nature of the Course:
Project work Year: IV
Course Objectives
After completion of the course,
the students will be able to:
a) carry
out laboratory based mini research
b) develop
knowledge and skills in writing scientific research report
Course Contents
Students in
group will be assigned relevant research topics related to their study by
concerned department/campus. Students will perform laboratory experiments
within fourth academic year. The research will be supervised by faculty
member(s) of microbiology of concerned department/campus. After completion of
laboratory work, the student should write the research report in standard
format on the basis of data/findings generated during the laboratory works. The
student will submit required number of copies of their research report to
concerned department or campus for evaluation. The final evaluation of the
project work will be made by a panel of external and internal examiners, head
of the department and supervisor(s).
Instrumentation in Microbiology
Description of the Course
Course Title:Instrumentation
in Microbiology Full Marks: 50
Course No: MB 407 Pass Marks: 18
Nature of the Course:
Interdisciplinary subject Year: IV
Course Objectives
After completion of the course,
the students will be able to:
a) understand
the working principles and procedures of instruments used in microbiology
laboratory
Course Contents
General principle and approaches of biochemical investigations 10hrs
Cell disruption techniques, protein extraction and purification
Working principle, instrumentation
and application of 10hrs
Phase contrast, electron microscopy,
fluorescence microscopy
Principle and applications of 15 hrs
Centrifugation
techniques, Electrophoretic techniques: Agarose gel, Polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis
Types, instrumentation and uses of
chromatographic
techniques 20hrs
Ion exchange chromatography,
Affinity Chromatography, Paper and Thin layer chromatography, Gel Permeation
chromatography, Gas Chromatography, High performance Liquid Chromatography
(HPLC)
Principle, instrumentation and application of 10hrs
Ultra-violet
and visible spectrometry, colorimeter
Principle, instrumentation and application of molecular
techniques 10hrs
Thermocycler, Probes, Sequencer, Gel
documentation system, Microarray
Recommended
Readings
Text books
1. Skoog
DA, Holler FJ and Nieman TA (2005), Principles of Instrumental Analysis,
5th Edition, Thomson Books/Cole
2. Wilson K and Walker J (Eds)(2005), Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology,6thEdition,Cambridge University Press
Mendham J, Denny RC, Barnes JD and Thomas M (2008), Vogel's Text Book of Quantitative Chemical
Analysis, 6th Edition, Pearson Education
