Primary vs Secondary Dengue infection

 Figure 1: Clinical and Laboratory diagnosis of Dengue viral infection (Muller et al., 2017)

Key Facts of Dengue

Figure 1: Clinical sign and symptoms of Dengue

Figure 2: Dengue complications

Figure 3: Dengue complications and Antibody Dependent Enhancement

 

Dengue Outbreak in Nepal; WHO Updates

Outbreak at a glance

Dengue is endemic in Nepal. The country is experiencing a surge in cases that started from the week commencing 8 August to 26 August. Between January to 28 September 2022, a total of 28 109 confirmed and suspected dengue cases and 38 confirmed deaths due to dengue have been recorded, affecting all seven provinces. The causative serotype(s) is unknown. This represents the largest dengue outbreak in Nepal with regard to the cumulative number of cases reported nationwide per year.  

Description of the outbreak

Between January and 28 September 2022, a total of 28 109 suspected and confirmed cases of dengue fever including 38 confirmed deaths (overall CFR 0.13%) have been reported from all seven provinces of Nepal, affecting all 77 districts in Nepal (Figure 1). Bagmati province which is the second-most populous province has reported the highest number of cases (78.2%) and deaths (68.4%).

According to the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division (EDCD) of the Ministry of Health and Population, the highest number of new cases in 2022 have been reported in the districts of Kathmandu (n=9528; 33.8%), Lalitpur (n=6548; 23.2%), and Makwanpur (n=2776, 9.8%).

Data on demographics was available for 23% of cases (n= 6734) of which 76% (5175/6734) were aged 15-59 years old, and 54% were males (n=3637). As of 28 September, 38 deaths have been verified, of which males and cases aged 15 – 59 years old each accounted for 55% (n=21) of reported deaths. Cases aged over 60 years old accounted for 39% (n=15) of reported deaths.

Dengue cases have increased since July coinciding with the rainy season with majority of the cases reported during September (83.6%; n=23 514).

 

Figure 1.  Number of Dengue cases reported from districts of Nepal from 1 January- 28 September 2022.

 

 

Figure 2.   Number of dengue cases reported by months in Nepal from 1 January to 28 September 2022

Source: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON412#:~:text=Dengue%20is%20endemic%20in%20Nepal,recorded%2C%20affecting%20all%20seven%20provinces.