Wednesday, May 3, 2017

MSc Microbiology First Semester Syllabus

New Revised Syllabus of MSc Microbiology for Academic year 2073-074


Semester I


Course code
Course Title
Nature     of Course
Credits
Evaluation (40%
internal assessment)
Compulsory courses
MB 501
Advances in Microbiology
T
3
75 (45+30)
MB 502
Immunology
T
3
75 (45+30)
MB 503
Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology
T
3
75 (45+30)
MB 504
Biochemistry and Biotechnology
T
3
75 (45+30)
MB 505
Practical on (MB 501 + MB 502)
P
2
50
MB 506
Practical on (MB 503 + MB 504)
P
2
50

Total

16
400

MB 501 Advances in Microbiology

Course Title: Advances in Microbiology                                                        Full Marks: 75
Course No.: MB 501                                                                                      Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature of Course: Theory (3 credits)                                                              Semester: I

Objectives

Upon the completion of the course students will have knowledge on
a.       Bacterial and viral taxonomy
b.      Structure and physiology of bacteria, virus and fungi
c.       Transport system and pathways of protein secretion
d.      Growth and recovery of bacteria and bacteriologic

Course Contents

 Bergey's Classification of Bacteria                                                                                      7 hrs
Nomenclature, Classification, Identification, Polyphasic taxonomy, Techniques used for determining Microbial Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Classical Characteristics method, Molecular Characteristics method, Phylogenetic tree, Cladograms, Dichotomous Keys, Basis for classification of bacteria,   Introduction to Bergey’s Manual

Pathways of Protein Secretion                                                                                             5 hrs

General secretory pathway (GSP), Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV secretion system, Bacterial invasion mediated by cytoskeletal function, Disruption of tight junction

Bacterial Structure and Transport Mechanism                                                                 5 hrs Overview of prokaryotic cell structure and function, Cell membrane and function, Cell wall and function, Passive diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Group translocation, Iron transport, ABC transporter

Bacterial Growth, Growth Kinetics                                                                                    4 hrs

Lag  phase,  Exponential  or  log  phase,  Stationary  phase,  Death  phase,  Generation  time determination, Diauxic growth

Bacterial Metabolism                                                                                                            10 hrs

Nutrient, Macro and Micro elements, Requirement of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, Nutritional types of microorganisms, Free energy and reactions, Oxidation-Reduction reaction and electron carrier, Role of ATP in metabolism, Mechanism of generating ATP, Photophosphorylation, Substrate-level phosphorylation, Oxidative phosphorylation, Chemiosmotic theory, Overview of metabolism, Catabolism, Anabolism, Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, Pentose phosphate pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway, Kreb cycle, Fermentation, Lactic acid fermentation, Ethanol fermentation, Mixed acid fermentation, Butanediol fermentation, Anaerobic respiration, Photosynthesis, Light dependent and light independent reaction

Fungi: Structure, Classification and Physiology                                                                7 hrs Classification, Fungal cell structure and function, Nutrition and metabolism, Reproduction and life cycle of yeast and mold

Viruses: Structure, Classification and Replication                                                            7 hrs Virus  classification  and  nomenclature,  Phylogenetic  analysis  and  taxonomy  of  viruses  and Bacteriophages, Morphology and structure of viruses, Propagation and identification of viruses and bacteriophages, Replication of viruses and bacteriophages, Virus purification and assays, Host-virus interaction

References

1.      Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume 1 (2001), Volume 2 (2005), Volume 3 (2009), Volume 4 (2009), Volume 5 (2009)
2.      Madigan MT, Martinko JM and Parker J (2004), Brock's Biology of Microorganisms, 10th Edition, Prentice-Hall International
3.      Prescott  LM,  Haley  JP  and  Klein  DA  (2005),  Microbiology,  7th   Edition  (International Edition) McGraw Hill

MB 502 Immunology


Course Title: Immunology                                                                              Full Marks: 75
Course No.: MB 502                                                                                       Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature of Course: Theory (3 credits)                                                              Semester: I

Objectives

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to understand
a.       Basic immunology and immunopathology of viral, bacterial, parasite, autoimmune, tumor and fungal diseases
b.      Immunological techniques and assays

Course Contents


Basic Concept of Immunology                                                                                             2 hrs
Immunology, Immunity; Anatomical feature and location of human lymphatic system, Role of organs, Cells, tissues and other components in immune system

Innate Immunity                                                                                                                   3 hrs

General overview of host pathogen interaction, Non-specific defense against the microbial infections, Physical and anatomical barriers, Cells and secretary molecules, Serum components, Phagocytosis

Complements                                                                                                                         2 hrs

Mechanism and significance of classical and alternative pathways of complement system

Cells and Tissues of Adaptive Immunity                                                                             3 hrs

Types, functions and development (maturation, activation and differentiation) of T and B cells

Antigens                                                                                                                                 2 hrs

Types and properties; Conditions of antigenicity

Antibodies and Immunoglobulins                                                                                        5 hrs

Molecular structure, Classes, Subclasses, Types, Subtypes, Genetic basis of diversity

In Vitro Antigen-Antibody Reactions                                                                                  5 hrs
Types, principle, procedures and applications of precipitation, Agglutination, Antibodies labelling methods; Immunofluorescence assay, ELISA, Radioimmuno assay, Immunoelectrophoresis, Immuno blotting methods

Cell Mediated Immune Response                                                                                        5 hrs

Cells involved in cell mediated immunity; Structure and function of MHC in antigen processing, Presentation and effecter mechanism

Types and Function of Cytokines and TLR                                                                       3 hrs


Immune Disorders                                                                                                                5 hrs
Immunological tolerance; Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity and Allergy; Congenital and acquired Immunodeficiency

Immunopathology of Bacterial, Viral and Parasitic Infections                                        5 hrs


Vaccinology                                                                                                                           5 hrs
Overview of vaccine and vaccination, Types of vaccines- killed organism as a vaccine, Attenuated vaccine, Methods of attenuation, New experimental vaccines, Vaccine production techniques, Quality and efficacy, Adverse events following immunization, Recent developments and prospects

References

1.      Abbas AK and Lichtman AH (2008), Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 3rd Edition, W B Saunders Co
2.      Abbas AK, Lichtman AH and Pillai S (2007), Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 6th Edition, Elsevier

3.      Kindt

TJ, Goldsby RA and Osborne BA (2006), Kuby Immunology, 6th

Edition, W. H.

Freeman
4.      Roitt  IM  and  Delves  PJ  (2001),  Roitt’s  Essential  Immunology,  10th   Edition,  ELBS, Blackwell Scientific Publications

MB 503 Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology


Course Title: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology                              Full Marks: 75
Course No.: MB 503                                                                                       Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature of Course: Theory (3 credits)                                                              Semester: I

Objective

Upon the completion of the course students will have knowledge on
a.       Microbial genetics and techniques and applications of molecular biology

Course Contents


Fundamentals on Genes, DNA, RNA, Genome and Genetics                                           2 hrs

DNA Recombination and Transfer in Prokaryote                                                             3 hrs

DNA Replication                                                                                                                   5 hrs
Molecular mechanism of DNA, Replication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Gene Expression                                                                                                                    5 hrs

Molecular mechanism and stages of transcription in prokaryotes, viruses and bacteriophages, Post transcriptional modifications

Process of Protein Synthesis                                                                                                 5 hrs

Role of RNA and translation of the genetic code, Steps involved in translation, Post translational modification of proteins, Post translational modifications

Regulation of Gene Expression                                                                                            5 hrs

Mechanism of Lac-operon and Trp operon, Control of gene expression at transcriptional, post transcriptional, translational and hormonal level

Mutations                                                                                                                               5 hrs

Types of Mutation, Mutagenic agents: Physical, chemical and biological, Detection of mutants

Recombinant DNA Technology                                                                                           8 hrs

Principle, procedures and mechanism of gene cloning, Sources of DNA for cloning, Restriction enzymes and their characteristics, Formation of the recombinant DNA, Cloning vectors, Expression vectors, Detection of the recombinant DNA, Cloning of the eukaryotic genes in bacteria

Molecular Techniques                                                                                                          7 hrs

Extraction and purification of plasmid and chromosomal DNA and RNA, Principle, procedures and applications of PCR based techniques and blotting techniques in Microbiology: Plasmid profiling, PCR, Real time PCR, RFLP, DNA Finger printing, Western blotting, Southern blotting, Northern blotting, PFGE, Gene sequencing, DNA microarray

References

1.      Lewin B (2007), Genes IX, Oxford University Press and Cell Press
2.      Snyder L and Champness W (2003), Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, 2nd Press


Edition, ASM

3.      Sambrook J and Russell DW (2001), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Vol I, II and III), 3rd Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

MB 504 Biochemistry and Biotechnology


Course Title: Biochemistry and Biotechnology                                              Full Marks: 75
Course No.: MB 504                                                                                       Pass Marks: 37.5
Nature of Course: Theory (3 credits)                                                              Semester: I

Objectives

Upon completion of the course, students will have knowledge on
a.       General and microbial biochemistry
b.      Production, purification, and product recovery of industrial products of microbial origin

Course Contents Biochemistry

Introduction to Biomolecules                                                                                               2 hrs
Definition, classification, sources and function: Carbohydrates, Amino Acids and Proteins, lipids and fatty acids, and nucleic acids

Vitamins                                                                                                                                 3 hrs

Absorption, sources and functions: Fat-soluble vitamins, Water-soluble vitamins

Enzymology                                                                                                                           2 hrs

Michaelis-Menten  equation,  Lineweaver-  Burk  equation,  Enzyme  inhibition:  Competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition, uncompetitive inhibition

Metabolism of Carbohydrates                                                                                             4 hrs

Metabolism of dietary carbohydrate, Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Glycogen metabolism, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Pentose phosphate pathway shunt, Uronic acid pathway, Metabolism of Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose)

Krebs Cycle                                                                                                                           1 hr

Pathway,  metabolic  regulation  and  significance:  Krebs  cycle,  Amphibolic  role  of  cycle, Glyoxylate cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation                                                                                                   1 hr

Pathway,  metabolic  regulation  and  significance:  Electron  transport  chain  and  oxidative phosphorylation, Substrate level phosphorylation

Metabolism of Amino Acids                                                                                                 3 hrs

Metabolism of dietary proteins, Metabolism of ammonia, Biosynthesis of non-essential amino acids, Catabolism of essential amino acids, Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Urea cycle

Metabolism of Lipids                                                                                                            5 hrs

Metabolism of dietary lipids, Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Beta-Oxidation of fatty acids and energetic, Alpha-oxidation, Omega-oxidation, Biosynthesis of ketone bodies, Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Biosynthesis of triacylglycerol

Metabolism of Nucleic Acids                                                                                                2 hrs

Pathway, metabolic regulation and significance: Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide (De Novo and salvage pathways), Purine nucleotide interconversion, Formation of deoxyribonucleotides.

Biotechnology


Animal and Plant Biotechnology                                                                                         4 hrs
Vector, Gene transfer techniques in plants (based on Ti and Ri Plasmid, Intermediate and helper plasmid, Binary vector, Virus as vector), Gene transfer techniques using Agrobacterium; Animal cell culture technology, Plant cell and tissue culture technology

Microbial Production, Purifications and Product Recovery of Metabolites and Fermented Foods                                                                                                                                                10 hrs

Antibiotics (Benzyl Penicillin, Streptomycin), Vitamins (Riboflavin and vitamin B12) Amino acids (Glutamic acid, Lysine, Tryptophan), Nucleic acids, Organic acids (Citric acid, Lactic acid, Kojic acid), Enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Glucose isomerase), Alcoholic  beverages  (Wine, Beer, Distilled liquor-whisky), Fermented Foods (Kinema, Soya sauce, Natto, Kimchi), Single cell protein

Production and Product Recovery of                                                                                  2 hrs

Human growth hormones, Interferon, Insulin

Types, Applications and Production Process of                                                                 3 hrs

Microbial bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Cyanobacteria, VAM)

Types, Applications and Production Procedures of                                                          3 hrs

Bacterial, Fungal and viral biopesticides and bioherbicides


References

1.      Nelson  DL  and  Cox  MM  (2004),  Lehninger  Principles  of  Biochemistry,  5th Freeman

Edition,

2.  Plummer DT (1988), An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 3rdEdition, Tata McGraw Hill
3.      Skoog DA, Holler FJ and Nieman TA (2005), Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 5th Edition, Thomson Books/Cole
4.      Stryer L (1995), Biochemistry, 4th Edition, W.H. Freeman Company, New York
5.      Voet D and Voet  J (2004),  Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Wiley International Edition
6.      Wilson  K  and  Walker  J  (Eds)(2005),  Principles  and  Techniques  of  Biochemistry  and Molecular Biology,6thEdition,CambridgeUniversity Press
7.      Mendham  J,  Denny  RC,  Barnes  JD  and  Thomas  M  (2008),     Vogel's  Text  Book  of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edition, Pearson Education
8.      Cassida LE Jr (1996), Industrial Microbiology, New Age International Publishers

9.      Crueger W and Crueger A (1990), Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. 2nd Edition, T. D. Brock's Editor, Sunderland Mass Sinauer Associates
10.  Smith JE (1996), Biotechnology, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press

MB 505 Practical on (MB 501 + MB 502)


Course Title: Practical on (MB 501+MB 502)                                               Full Marks: 50
Course No.: MB 505                                                                                       Pass Marks: 25
Nature of Course: Practical (2 credits)                                                           Semester: I

Course Contents Advances in Microbiology

Bacterial Morphology
1.      Microscopy and staining

Microbial Physiology

2.      Measurement of growth of bacteria
3.      Enumeration techniques
4.      Biomass determination
5.      Determination of bacterial growth curve in broth medium
6.      Effect of environmental factors on bacterial growth
7.      Degradation experiments- Cellulose, Starch, Gelatin, Casein, Tween 80
8.      Conventional biochemical testing for identification of Enterobacteriaceae family
9.      Biochemical identification of unknown bacteria (Gram positive, Gram negative)
10.  Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Yeast, Mold and Actinomycetes

11.  Isolation, enumeration and morphological identification of yeast and molds
12.  Growth of molds in different condition
13.  Isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes

Viruses

14.  Isolation and enumeration of bacteriophage
15.  One step growth curve of bacteriophage

Immunology


1.      Handling of laboratory animals
2.      Animal inoculation techniques using different routes
3.      Immunization of laboratory animals antiserum harvesting
4.      Purification of immunoglobulins
5.      In vitro serological tests
§  Precipitation (Gel: Single and Ouchterlony double diffusion)
§  Agglutination (Slide, Tube, Latex and Haemagglutination)
§  Neutralization test
§  ELISA
§  Immunoelectrophoresis
§  Immunoflourescence technique
§  Immunochromatographic technique

§  Complement fixation test
6.      Hypersensitivity reactions (Montoux test, Allergy test)
7.      Blood grouping from forensic samples

MB 506 Practical on (MB 503 + MB 504)


Course Title: Practical on (MB 503 + MB 504)                                             Full Marks: 50
Course No.: MB 506                                                                                       Pass Marks: 25
Nature of Course: Practical (2 credits)                                                           Semester: I

Course Contents


Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

1.      Nucleus staining (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells)
2.      Nucleic acid Extraction- Extraction and purification of chromosomal and plasmid DNA from bacteria, Extraction and purification of DNA from yeast cells, Extraction and purification of RNA from Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Extraction of DNA from biological samples (viscera, body fluids, hair, skin, nails) for forensic analysis
3.      Confirmation of DNA extraction by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
4.      DNA transformation experiments
5.      Detection and isolation of mutants
6.      Plasmid profiling, PCR, Blotting techniques

Biochemistry and Biotechnology


Biochemistry
1.         Preparation of different solutions and buffer
2.         Titration curves of amino acids
3.         Qualitative tests for characterization of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
4.         Quantitative tests for characterization of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
5.         Identification of unknown carbohydrates
6.         Isolation of protein
7.         Study effect of pH, temperature and effectors on enzyme activity
8.         Determination of enzyme kinetics Km and Vmax
9.         Quantitative determination of blood sugar, cholesterol level, total protein, albumin
10.     Determination of enzyme activities: ALT, GOT, amylase
11.     Extraction of glycogen from liver
12.     Separation of amino acids by single and double ascending paper chromatography
13.     Separation characterization of sugars, amino acids and lipids by thin layer chromatography
14.     Separation of amino acids and proteins by ion-exchange chromatography
15.     Identification of drugs using chromatographic techniques for drug abuse cases, samples (blood, urine)
16.     Analysis of serum proteins by Electrophoresis
17.     Determination of molecular weight of proteins by SDS-PAGE
18.     Purification proteins by Gel filtration
19.     Analysis of biomolecules/bioactive compounds using colorimetry, spectrophotometry and fluorimetry
20.     Analysis of body fluids (saliva, urine, blood, CSF, semen, tears) for forensic biology

Biotechnology

 1.      Isolation and identification of Bacillus thuriengiensis and purification of crystal protein
2.      Production, purification and characterization of industrially important enzymes of microbial origin
3.      Production, separation, partial purification and characterization of antimicrobial compounds from Bacillus spp. and actinomycetes
4.      Production and purification of organic acids using microorganisms
5.      Alcohol production and quality assessment
6.      Forensic analysis of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages
7.      Field visit to industries

1 comments:

Unknown said...

very informative blog

Bacteria in Photos

Bacteria in Photos